印花與染色的相同點

印(yin)花(hua)和(he)染(ran)色過程(cheng)中，染(ran)料上染(ran)纖(xian)維的(de)機理(li)是(shi)相同的(de)，都包括相互既有區別又有聯系且彼此制約(yue)的(de)吸(xi)附、擴散(san)、固著三個階(jie)段。只是(shi)在(zai)印(yin)花(hua)中某一(yi)顏色的(de)染(ran)料按花(hua)紋圖案(an)要求施敷在(zai)紡(fang)織品(pin)的(de)局部，經過一(yi)定的(de)后處理(li)完(wan)成染(ran)料上染(ran)纖(xian)維，進而(er)在(zai)紡(fang)織品(pin)上得到具有一(yi)種或多種顏色的(de)印(yin)花(hua)產品(pin)。所以(yi)，印(yin)花(hua)也(ye)可以(yi)說是(shi)“局部染(ran)色”。

選擇染(ran)色(se)(se)和印(yin)花使用同(tong)(tong)一類型的(de)染(ran)料(liao)時，所用化(hua)學助(zhu)劑的(de)物理與(yu)化(hua)學屬(shu)性(xing)是相(xiang)似或相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)，因此(ci)它們的(de)染(ran)料(liao)染(ran)著及固色(se)(se)原理也(ye)(ye)就相(xiang)似或相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。而(er)對(dui)于同(tong)(tong)一品(pin)種的(de)纖維制品(pin)，若用同(tong)(tong)一染(ran)料(liao)染(ran)色(se)(se)和印(yin)花可具有相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)各項(xiang)染(ran)色(se)(se)牢(lao)(lao)度，例如還(huan)原染(ran)料(liao)染(ran)色(se)(se)時牢(lao)(lao)度好(hao)，在印(yin)花產(chan)品(pin)上其牢(lao)(lao)度也(ye)(ye)好(hao)。

印花(hua)與染色的不同之(zhi)處在于以下幾個(ge)方(fang)面

1、在(zai)印花(hua)(hua)與(yu)染色操(cao)作(zuo)中(zhong)，染色加工用的(de)是(shi)染料(liao)水(shui)溶液，一般(ban)不加增稠性(xing)糊料(liao)或僅加入少量(liang)糊料(liao);而(er)印花(hua)(hua)用的(de)是(shi)色漿(jiang)，色漿(jiang)是(shi)在(zai)染料(liao)溶液或分散液中(zhong)加入較多的(de)增稠性(xing)糊料(liao)調(diao)成的(de)具有一定黏度的(de)漿(jiang)狀(zhuang)物，以防止印花(hua)(hua)時由于花(hua)(hua)紋滲化而(er)造成花(hua)(hua)型輪廓不清、花(hua)(hua)型失(shi)真以及(ji)印后(hou)烘(hong)燥時染料(liao)的(de)泳移。

2、染(ran)色時染(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)濃(nong)度(du)一般不(bu)(bu)高， 染(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)溶(rong)解問題不(bu)(bu)太大，通常(chang)不(bu)(bu)加助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)溶(rong)劑(ji)。印花時色漿(jiang)中的(de)(de)染(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、化學助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)比一般染(ran)浴中的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)要高得多，加之含有(you)大量糊料(liao)(liao)(liao)，造成了(le)染(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)溶(rong)解困(kun)難，所以印花漿(jiang)中要加助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)溶(rong)劑(ji)如尿素、酒(jiu)精、溶(rong)解鹽B等。

3、染(ran)(ran)色時(特別是(shi)浸染(ran)(ran))，織物在染(ran)(ran)浴中(zhong)(zhong)有較(jiao)長的作用時間，使染(ran)(ran)料能較(jiao)充分地擴散(san)、滲(shen)透到纖維(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)去完成染(ran)(ran)著(zhu)過(guo)程。而印花(hua)時染(ran)(ran)料在漿中(zhong)(zhong)，不易擴散(san)滲(shen)透，所以印花(hua)后要經過(guo)后處理的汽蒸或焙烘(hong)等手段來提高染(ran)(ran)料的擴散(san)速率(lv)，幫(bang)助染(ran)(ran)料染(ran)(ran)著(zhu)纖維(wei)(wei)。

4、染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)時(shi)如(ru)(ru)果需要(yao)拼色(se)，一般(ban)要(yao)求用同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)進(jin)行拼色(se)，很少用兩種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)拼色(se)(染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)混紡織物時(shi)例外)。而印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則可以在(zai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一紡織品上(shang)采用幾種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)進(jin)行共同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，如(ru)(ru):涂料(liao)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)溶性偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、活性染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)溶性偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、活性染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)快磺(huang)素(su)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)溶性偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)縮聚染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)等(deng),有(you)時(shi)也可在(zai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)色(se)漿中(zhong)采用不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)進(jin)行同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)漿印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，如(ru)(ru):涂料(liao)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)溶性偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)漿、分(fen)散染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)活性染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)漿等(deng)。再加(jia)上(shang)有(you)拔染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、防染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)防印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝，因此印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝設計有(you)別于染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)。印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)作者(zhe)必須深刻認識各種(zhong)(zhong)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)和(he)助(zhu)劑(ji)的(de)特性,利用染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)和(he)助(zhu)劑(ji)相互間(jian)的(de)矛盾和(he)相容(rong)性為產品服務，印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)制出一些(xie)具有(you)特殊(shu)風(feng)格的(de)印(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產品。 

5、印花和染(ran)(ran)色所用染(ran)(ran)料大致(zhi)相同(tong)，但也(ye)有(you)一些是專門用于印花的染(ran)(ran)料，如印花用活性染(ran)(ran)料(國產P型(xing)活性染(ran)(ran)料等)、穩定不溶性偶氨(an)染(ran)(ran)料、可(ke)溶性還(huan)原染(ran)(ran)料等。 

6、印花織(zhi)物有白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)地印花，或拔(ba)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)、防白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)印花的(de)產品(pin)，因此要求印花布半(ban)(ban)制品(pin)前處(chu)理類似(si)于漂(piao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)布半(ban)(ban)制品(pin)的(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)度要求，印花后一般還要吃漂(piao)水，而染色布半(ban)(ban)制品(pin)對白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)度要求較(jiao)低，尤其(qi)是(shi)染深濃色時前處(chu)理可以(yi)不(bu)漂(piao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。 

7、染(ran)色時(shi)(shi)對織(zhi)物的緯(wei)斜控制(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)不高。印(yin)花(hua)時(shi)(shi)則不能有緯(wei)斜，尤(you)其是對格(ge)子形(xing)(xing)、橫條形(xing)(xing)、正方形(xing)(xing)或人物類等花(hua)型，對半制(zhi)品緯(wei)斜要(yao)求(qiu)很嚴格(ge)，對織(zhi)物的門幅(fu)也應有一定要(yao)求(qiu)，以(yi)免(mian)在(zai)印(yin)花(hua)后(hou)拉幅(fu)時(shi)(shi)產生花(hua)斜和織(zhi)物上(shang)花(hua)紋圖案變形(xing)(xing)。  

8、染(ran)色半(ban)(ban)(ban)制品(pin)要(yao)求(qiu)有較好(hao)的(de)(de)毛(mao)細(xi)管效應，以(yi)利于染(ran)色時(shi)(shi)染(ran)料(liao)(liao)向纖維內部擴(kuo)散、滲透。印(yin)花(hua)加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)，印(yin)花(hua)和烘燥(zao)是連續的(de)(de)，染(ran)料(liao)(liao)作用(yong)時(shi)(shi)間短，又(you)要(yao)求(qiu)印(yin)花(hua)處(chu)花(hua)紋色澤均勻(yun)、輪廓清(qing)晰、線條光潔、沒有斷線。因此，對印(yin)花(hua)半(ban)(ban)(ban)制品(pin)而言，不僅毛(mao)效要(yao)均勻(yun)且(qie)具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)“瞬時(shi)(shi)毛(mao)效”，而且(qie)前(qian)處(chu)理加工(gong)(gong)每步都很重要(yao)，只有獲得良好(hao)的(de)(de)半(ban)(ban)(ban)制品(pin)質量，才能保證印(yin)花(hua)質量，因此印(yin)花(hua)半(ban)(ban)(ban)制品(pin)的(de)(de)前(qian)處(chu)理要(yao)求(qiu)比染(ran)色半(ban)(ban)(ban)制品(pin)要(yao)高。 

9、 印花對坯布疵點的(de)掩蓋性比(bi)染色好，尤(you)其是一些紊亂(luan)花型(xing)對有的(de)坯布織疵具有良好的(de)掩蓋作用。

10、 對有色(se)紡織品來說，染色(se)制品要求色(se)澤(ze)均(jun)勻豐滿，鮮(xian)艷透芯，而(er)印花制品則要求圖案明朗(lang)大方，花型輪(lun)廓清(qing)晰，花鮮(xian)地白，色(se)澤(ze)飽(bao)滿，具(ju)有藝(yi)術性(xing)。