染料的秘密

染料的命名

為了(le)適用生產和(he)應用的要求，正確的反應染(ran)料的顏色(se)和(he)應用性能，必需給予染(ran)料專用的命名。

對(dui)于染(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)常(chang)含有3個部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，即冠(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)、顏色部(bu)(bu)分(fen)、應(ying)用(yong)標識部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。  冠(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)表(biao)示染(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)類別，在(zai)(zai)國際上染(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)商品名稱(cheng)或應(ying)用(yong)類別表(biao)示染(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)冠(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)國內則使用(yong)染(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)分(fen)類或性質(zhi)作為(wei)冠(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)。

中國印染染料冠稱

中國的染料冠(guan)稱有31種如酸性(xing)、酸性(xing)絡合、酸性(xing)媒介、中性(xing)、直接、直接耐曬、直接混紡、堿性(xing)、陽(yang)離子、活(huo)性(xing)、還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)、可(ke)溶性(xing)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)、硫(liu)化、硫(liu)化還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)、分散、色(se)酚、色(se)基、色(se)鹽、縮(suo)聚、快(kuai)色(se)素等。

顏色部(bu)分標明(ming)染料上(shang)(shang)到(dao)纖(xian)維上(shang)(shang)的顏色，國(guo)內外基(ji)本(ben)相同。

我國采(cai)用了(le)29個色(se)澤(ze)名稱和3個色(se)澤(ze)形(xing)容(rong)詞：

嫩黃(huang)、黃(huang)、金黃(huang)、深(shen)(shen)黃(huang)、橙、大紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、桃紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、品紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)紫、棗(zao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫、翠蘭、藍(lan)、湖藍(lan)、艷藍(lan)、深(shen)(shen)藍(lan)、綠(lv)、艷綠(lv)、深(shen)(shen)綠(lv)、黃(huang)棕(zong)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)棕(zong)、棕(zong)、深(shen)(shen)棕(zong)、橄欖綠(lv)、草綠(lv)、灰、黑。

應(ying)用(yong)標識部分(fen)使用(yong)字母(mu)表示色光、性狀、應(ying)用(yong)性能等，常(chang)用(yong)字母(mu)字母(mu)的意義有三(san)個方面。

一 表(biao)示染料色光或顏色的品質

A 染料的習慣名稱代號，如湖(hu)藍A，酸性大(da)紅(hong)A。 B 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)帶藍光(guang)或(huo)青(qing)光(guang)   G 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)帶黃光(guang)或(huo)綠光(guang) R 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)帶紅(hong)光(guang)  F 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)色光(guang)純正(zheng)  D 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)深(shen)色或(huo)色光(guang)較(jiao)暗 T 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)深(shen)色 V 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)紫光(guang)  Y 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)黃光(guang)  O 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)橙光(guang)  J 表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)綠光(guang)或(huo)黃光(guang)

二  表示性(xing)質和(he)用途

AS 不(bu)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)色酚系列名稱，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)AS-D，等 B  雙(shuang)(shuang)均三嗪(qin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)Megafix 金(jin)黃(huang)BES等   C 表(biao)示(shi)耐(nai)(nai)氯漂，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藍BC，棉用(yong)；不(bu)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)偶氮染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)鹽酸鹽,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)黃(huang)色基GC.   D 適用(yong)于染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色、耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)溫的(de)混紡直(zhi)接染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)直(zhi)接混紡黃(huang)D-RL；高(gao)溫型(xing)分(fen)(fen)散染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)Dispersol橙D-G，可以印花(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)棕RRD。  E 勻(yun)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)E型(xing)分(fen)(fen)散染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散黃(huang)SE-RGFL；竭(jie)(jie)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)Megafix黃(huang)BES；表(biao)示(shi)色澤深濃，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藍ER。  Ex 表(biao)示(shi)高(gao)濃的(de)意(yi)思(si)。  F 色澤堅牢(lao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散紅FB；色澤鮮亮，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)陽離子桃紅 FG；二氟一氯嘧啶活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)紅F-3B；表(biao)示(shi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)粒子細(xi)，表(biao)示(shi)新的(de)。  H 表(biao)示(shi)熱(re)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)或耐(nai)(nai)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)。熱(re)固型(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)普(pu)施安紫H-3R；高(gao)溫分(fen)(fen)散染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散大紅HBGL；適用(yong)于棉毛交織物(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色；亞士林級堅牢(lao)度，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)可溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)橙HR；耐(nai)(nai)堿水(shui)解(jie)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。 H-E 竭(jie)(jie)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，雙(shuang)(shuang)氯均三嗪(qin)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)普(pu)施安綠(lv)H-E4BD I 相當于還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)牢(lao)度，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)色酚AS-ITR，紅色基ITR，可溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藍IBC；母體為還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)可溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)橙IRK。  K 熱(re)固型(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)翠(cui)蘭K-GL；還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)冷染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)法如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)還原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)金(jin)黃(huang)GK。  KD 高(gao)溫直(zhi)接活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)黃(huang)KD-3G。  KE 雙(shuang)(shuang)氯均三嗪(qin)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)艷紅KE-3B KP 印花(hua)(hua)用(yong)雙(shuang)(shuang)氯均三嗪(qin)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)藍KP-BR  KM 適用(yong)于高(gao)溫浸染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)嫩黃(huang)KM-7GKN 乙(yi)烯砜基活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)艷藍KN-R  

L 耐光牢(lao)度優良，如(ru)直接耐曬(shai)翠蘭GL；低溫型分散(san)染料(liao)，如(ru)Shangdaron黃L-R；色光艷亮，如(ru)陽離子(zi)艷藍X-GRLL；皮革用(yong)噴涂染料(liao)，如(ru)皮革噴涂黃GL等；染料(liao)勻染性好，適于染麻，表(biao)示染料(liao)的可溶(rong)性。 

LL 日曬牢度(du)極好(hao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)嫩黃(huang)X-7GLL。  M 拼色(se)(se)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)；混(hun)合型(xing)(xing)雙活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)團活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)嫩黃(huang)M-7G；中溫(wen)型(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)散(san)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散(san)黃(huang)M-FL；遷移性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優良， M型(xing)(xing)陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)紅M-RL；維棉(mian)混(hun)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)織物(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)可(ke)(ke)寶藍(lan)丁黑M-2G。MX 普通型(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)普施安黃(huang)MX-6G。  N 標準染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)法，如(ru)(ru)(ru)還原藍(lan)RSN；標準強度(du)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)還原藍(lan)BCSN；應用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)相似而(er)化學(xue)結構相同的染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)艷(yan)(yan)紅K-2GN；表示新型(xing)(xing)或色(se)(se)光特(te)殊(shu)，與標準色(se)(se)卡(ka)不符；黑光。 O 指由靛青衍生(sheng)而(er)得，如(ru)(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)溴靛而(er)得可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還原藍(lan)O4B；高(gao)濃(nong)度(du)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)媒介(jie)深藍(lan)AGLO。  P 印花用(yong)(yong)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)艷(yan)(yan)紅K-2BP；含磷酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)的活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)紅P-2B；染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)紙(zhi)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)；具(ju)有(you)(you)良好(hao)汗漬牢度(du)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)翠(cui)蘭K-GP；懸浮(fu)體軋染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)還原染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)；純(chun)的。  S 高(gao)溫(wen)型(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)散(san)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)具(ju)有(you)(you)較高(gao)的生(sheng)化牢度(du)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散(san)深藍(lan)S-GL；標準強度(du)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)Mikenthen藍(lan)BCS；染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)絲，如(ru)(ru)(ru)弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)橙(cheng)GS；容易(yi)溶解，溶解度(du)優異；硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)。SE 中溫(wen)型(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)散(san)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散(san)黃(huang)SE-FL。  T 深濃(nong)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)分(fen)(fen)散(san)黃(huang)T；染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)滌棉(mian)混(hun)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)織物(wu)(wu)的分(fen)(fen)散(san)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru) Shangdablend橙(cheng)T-B；含磷酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)的活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)普施安黃(huang)T-4G。  U 混(hun)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)用(yong)(yong)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)或交織物(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)。  W 染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)羊毛織物(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)艷(yan)(yan)藍(lan)GAW；可(ke)(ke)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)混(hun)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)織物(wu)(wu)。